I take interest in the Whiteheadian philosophy as I wish to find some intellectual support in the Western thoughts for my understanding and practice of Taoism. The cosmology of Taoism and its understanding of the human nature is very special in comparison to the other spiritual traditions and religions, like Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, etc.. It is special as it hints at the possibility that we as human have the potential of infinite developing and evolving, body and soul together. Although this is against the “common sense” of people in general, the possibility and desire for eternal life lies in the deepest psyche of the mankind.
As an ex-lawyer and law lecturer in a university in China, I started to do research on Taoism 11 years ago for the purpose of deepening my practice of meditation. I was diagnosed to have non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 2012. Thanks to my intuitive belief that the human body has the potential to heal itself, I started to practice a type of meditation based on Taoism. My practice of meditation soon brought very strong and amazing experience of the flow of Qi in the body. My health condition was obviously improved as a result. In addition to lymphoma, I also had atrophic gastritis, prostatitis and ankylosing spondylitis at the time. All the symptoms relating to these diseases were alleviated dramatically and have all gone by now with the deepening of my experience in the practice of meditation. At the same time, my lymphoma never deteriorated. In this course, I didn’t use any medicine, neither chemical medicine, nor any herbal medicine.
I believe the magic of spontaneous healing lies in the functioning of the flow of Qi. According to Taoism, Qi is the force and energy of life. Or put it more exactly, it’s the force and energy of Tao, which is the ultimate cause and logos of the cosmos. As the force and energy of life and Tao, Qi sustains all forms of elements, phenomena and life in the cosmos.
The cosmos in Taoism is not static. It’s an infinite process of evolution, driven by the movement of Qi, which functions in the interactive polarity of Yin and Yang. All forms of life, including the human life, are the result of this cosmic process of endless evolution. Chapter 42 of Tao Te Jing says: Tao begets one, one begets two, two begets three and three begets myriad forms of being. All forms of being carry Yin and Yang, and are harmonized through the mediation of Qi.
Therefore, the understanding of the cosmos and the understanding of life, including the life of each of us as human being, are fully consistent with each other in Taoism. As the matter of fact, the life of each of us as human being is regarded as the embodiment of Tao as the cosmic force and cause. Accordingly, we can find the existence of Tao and its functioning through systematic and persistent observation of ourselves, including our body, feelings, emotion, perception, energy flow, etc..
The practice of meditation should be understood as systematic and persistent observation of ourselves and accordingly a scientific undertaking. Different from our observation of anything else, our observation of ourselves as practiced in the form of meditation inevitably leads to some changes in ourselves. First of all it leads to the change of our mood, our perception and mental state. Then it leads to the change of our energy flow, and finally the transformation of our physical conditions.
As a matter of fact, according to Taoism, through the practice of meditation, the body can rectify itself, as is clearly said in Chuangtse (BC 369-BC286): ”Without looking, without listening, hold the mind in quietness, the body will rectify itself. ” In the Inner Canon of Emperor Yellow (compiled between BC 200- BC 100), another important piece of classic Taoist work and the founding work of traditional Chinese medicine, it’s said, “Desire nothing and empty one’s mind, Qi will flow and disease will be avoided. “
The Inner Canon of Emperor Yellow also mentioned that Qi flows in the body in a circle, with no beginning and no ending. All kinds of diseases are caused as a result of persisting interruption and weakening of this circulation, because of emotional disturbance, too much stress from physical or mental labor, or exposure to negative environment like coldness, etc.
These understandings are extensively applied in the folk culture in China, in basically all forms of Qigong and traditional Chinese medicine, and are proved very useful. And it’s widely knon that Qi flows in a circle that goes downward in the front of the body and goes upward in the back of the body. It has been tested by myself through my experience of meditation and by a lot of the trainees who have practiced meditation under my instruction. Whether a trainee can successfully experience the circulation of Qi in the body is an issue of time, if they practice meditation properly and persistently. It can range from 5 days to some months, depending on the trainees’ health condition, personality, gender, etc., and how intensive they practice.
Simply through restoration and strengthening of this inner circulation of Qi through the practice of meditation, healing of various types of diseases, including cancer, can be achieved. In this sense, the practice of meditation should not be limited to sitting meditation, but should include at least moving meditation like walking and jogging. And I would further argue that each moment of our life should be spent in the principle of meditation, that is, with some degree of awareness of the state of energy flow and circulation in us. In the past 11 years, I feel that my experience of the circulation of Qi keeps deepening and strengthening through the practice of meditation.
Step by step I have come to this idea: does that mean my life as whole, including the body, energy and consciousness, can be developed and transformed through the practice of meditation infinitely, thus defying the fate of inevitable mortality? This is not that absurd as most people would think. They might argue that nothing stays and change of the body can not be avoided. However, I’m not wishing that my life will always stay as it is now. I clearly understand that each moment it’s going through subtle changes and after some years it will be a very different being than I am now. I’m simply wondering that as through my practice of meditation and relating research, I’m more and more becoming one with Tao, which is the ultimate force and cause of cosmos and brings forth life and evolution, I’m no longer simply a physical being that will sooner or later perish, but a being that can be continuously transformed through the functioning of Tao in me. I can keep on strengthening the circulation of Qi in me so that my body will always be strengthened and upgraded.
That’s why I’m not satisfied with this idea of perpetual perishing related to the process philosophy. It seems to me that the Whiteheadian cosmology with all its concepts and principles actually depicts a cosmos that is in an infinite process of evolution that brings novelty, creativity and beauty. As this potential originates in the fundamental components of the cosmos, that is, actual entity, with all its features as defined in the Whiteheadian cosmology, each individual human being should have the same potential as the cosmos has.
Why even Whitehead himself didn’t make any hint at this possibility? I think there might be two reasons. One is that Whitehead had developed his cosmology basically through academic speculation, with his resources from his research in mathematics, physics and western philosophy. Indeed he was also influenced by Buddhism. However, in comparison with Taoism, Buddhism is much more speculative and does not emphasize the significance of the body as much as Taoism does.
The other reason is that Whitehead had no idea and experience of the inner circulation of Qi or life energy as introduced above. He had ingeniously come up with the concept of actual entity, which, as the fundamental components of the cosmos, are drops of experience, complex and interdependent. Each actual entity is essentially dipolar, with its physical and mental poles. However, most probably this concept of actual entity for him is basically the result of intellectual speculation assisted with his powerful intuition.
The concept of Qi in Taoism is very much comparable with the concept of actual entity. It’s regarded as the final real element of the cosmos. It’s not dead matter, but mediates between the physical dimension and the dimension of consciousness and can be cultivated in an organic way. It manifests itself in the interaction and inter-becoming of Yin and Yang, each of which is immanent in the other pole. We can say Yin and Yang is the two poles of Qi, which are comparable with the physical pole and the mental pole of an actual entity.
By contrast, the concept of Qi does not simply stay in theory. It can be fully experienced through the practice of meditation. In order for Qi to be fully experienced, it’s inevitable for us to experience of its circulation, going down in the front of the body and going up in the back of the body. The downward flow is more related to the functioning of the body and its development, while the upward flow is more related to the functioning of the mind and its development. They constitute respectively the physical pole and the mental pole of our being. Most probably this circulation of Qi is the manifestation of the interrelationship of the mental pole and physical pole of an actual entity in human as a society of actual entities, after innumerable years of cosmic evolution.
This circulation of Qi can be experienced and recognized spontaneously and naturally in the practice of meditation, as it is the inherent pattern of energy flow in us. However, it has to be recognized and confirmed by us, and intentionally deepened and strengthened in our practice of meditation. That is to say, a decision has to be made for us to continuously deepen our experience of this circulation. This decision is obviously also our confirmation of the value of life and our desire to live, to live well and to live better, just as Whitehead has said with respect to all living beings (Science and the Modern World, 1967, 18).
That explains why many people who have practiced meditation for many years have no idea and no experience of this inner circulation of life energy in the body, as their practice of meditation is based on a different philosophy which believes that the body is foredoomed to perish and the purpose of meditation is for us to be liberated from any attachment of the body and the life.
My understanding of the process and relational philosophy is still in the very beginning. However, by intuition I believe that it provides an intellectually much more sophisticated cosmology that is based on the latest findings in science and the rich reservoir of western philosophy and at the same time confirms the traditional beliefs and doctrines of Taoism. On the other hand, Taoism as a spiritual tradition and scholarship that is fully embedded in its practical application in the ways of Qigong, meditation, traditional Chinese medicine, etc. can be very inspiring for the speculative cosmology of the process and relational philosophy to become a handbook of practice for people to become the master of their own health, healing and longevity. Through the practice of meditation, all the concepts, doctrines and principles of the process and relational philosophy can be empirically tested and further developed. This would be a very fruitful and promising hand-shaking and marriage between the Western thoughts and the Eastern tradition.